Chaos and Fractal Theory

Chaos Theory

deterministic but highly sensitive to initial contitions A tiny change at the start can lead to vastly different outcomes. (Butterfly effect)

The “butterfly effect” refers to a phenomenon in Chaos Theory in which a very small change in the initial state of a system (like one flap of a butterfly’s wings) can lead to vastly different outcomes later on.

Example: Weather systems – you might know almost everything about the system, but because of extreme sensitivity, long-term prediction becomes effectively impossible.

Fractal Theory

A fractal is a geometric (or mathematical) object that exhibits self-similarity across scales: smaller parts resemble the whole.